STUDY ATTRIBUTES Study title - all - Andreou 2004aAndreou 2004bBailey 2002Berglund 2009Boh 2004Borissova 2002Bugdahn 2005Bдhr 2006Bцrzel / Buzogany 2010Bцrzel 2000Caddy 2000Caporaso / Jupille 2001Causse 2008Claes 2002Clift 2009Demmke 1994Di Lucia / Kronsell 2010Dimitrakopoulos 2001Dimitrova / Rhinard 2005Dimitrova / Toshkov 2009Duina 1997Falkner et al. 2005Furtlehner 2008Geldermann et al. 2010Hartlapp 2009Haverland 2000Hйritier et al. 2001Jordan 1999Kaeding 2007Karaczun 2005Kerwer / Teutsch 2001Kimber 2000Kinnunen 2004Knill / Lehmkuhl 1998Knill / Lenschow 1998Knill / Lenschow 2000Krizsan 2009Kryczka 2004Laffan / O′Mahony 2004aLaffan / O′Mahony 2004bLeiber 2007Maniokas 2009Martinsen 2007Mastenbroek 2007McNally 2009McRae 2006Mocsбri 2004aMocsбri 2004bNeyer 1999Niskanen / Lehtela / Ketola / Nykyri 2010Nunan 1999Panke 2007Rentea et al. 2008Saarniit 2004aSaarniit 2004bSchimmelfennig 2003Schulze 2008Sedelmeier 2009Slepcevic 2009Steunenberg 2006Steunenberg 2007Treib 2003Van der Vleuten 2005Versluis 2004Versluis 2007Wiedermann 2008Zalar 2008Zemeckis et al. 2005        Country - all - AustriaBelgiumCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenTurkeyUnited Kingdom        Time period - all - 1975 - 19801980 - 19851980 - 19901980 – 20001990 – 19951990 – 20001995 – 20002000 – 20052005 - 2010 Policy sector - all - AgricultureCompetitionEnergyEnvironmentFree movement of personsHealth protectionHuman rightsInternal MarketRight of establishment and freedom to provide servicesSecuritySocial policyTransport        CELEX Number - all - 1975/117/EEC1976/160/EEC1976/207/EEC1980/778/EEC1984/360/EEC1985/337/EEC1988/1841/EEC1988/609/EEC1990/313/EEC1990/364/EEC1990/547/EEC1991/155/EEC1991/440/EEC1991/533/EEC1991/676/EEC1992/43/EEC1992/43/EEC + 1979/409/EEC1992/85/EEC1993/104/EC1993/3118/EEC1994/22/EC1994/33/EC1994/62/EC1996/34/EC1996/61/EC1996/82/EC1996/92/EC1997/12/EC1997/27/EC1997/81/EC1998/30/EC1998/44/EC1998/55/EC1998/76/EC1999/31/EC1999/74/EC2000/31/EC2000/36/EC2000/43/EC2000/60/EC2000/78/EC2001/14/EC2001/37/EC2001/53/EC2002/44/EC2002/59/EC2002/73/EC2003/30/EC2003/55/EC2003/88/EC2004/18/EC2004/25/EC2005/85/EC2006/123/EC OJ L 1990 158/56Regulation (EEC) No 1836/93 severalVDU 90/270/EEC

INPLEMENTATION OUTCOME Transposition delay - all - 01        Formal implementation - all - 123        Administrative implementation - all - 123insufficientsufficient        Application - all - 123Insufficientsufficient

EXPLANATORY FACTOR Variable Category - all - change of governmentcoordination capacity coordination capacityculturedirective featureenforcement toolsEU enforcementEU-level conflictextraordinary eventsfederalism/regionalism federalism/regionalism general adm capacityjudicial enforcement judicial enforcementlearningmisfitnational-level salience national-level salienceNIM featureotherpreferencesocietal institutionsspecific organizational issuesveto players       Variable - all - access to judicial systemadministrative capacityadministrative cultureadministrative overloadadministrative reformadvocacy coalitionsavailability of legal assistancebureaucratic capacitycall back procedurecertainty and senforcement and sanctioning tool change agentschange of governmentclaritycomplexityconciliation committeeconditionalityconflicting interpretationsconsultation and involvement of business actorscoordination problemscoordination strength coordination strengthcorporatismcross-country learningdiscretiondistribution of competencesdomestic conflictdomestic oppositionECJ rulingefficiencyenforcement and sanctioning tool environmental crisisEU-level oppositionexpected economic gainsexperiencefactual veto playersfear of victimizationfinancial threatgovernment supportindividual empowermentinformal pressureinfringementinfringement - referal to ECJinfringement – LFNinfringement – ROinspection and sanctioning toolinstitutional misfitinstrument specific playersinvolvement of environmental groupsinvolvement of industryinvolvement of interest groupsinvolvement of NGOsinvolvement of trade unionsinvolvement of trade unions and churchesissue linkageissue saliencelack of qualified staff and expertiselack of resourceslanguage skillslegal culturelegal misfitlitigationmedia interestnorm misfitoverall conflict at the time of adoptionpackage lawpolicy misfitpolicy networkpolicy-specific veto playerspolitical costs of compliancepolitical culturepolitical saliencepreference configurationsprivatisationpublic supportqualityreports by the COMscopesingle loop learningsize of regulated entitiessupervisionsupport buildingterrorismtransposition techniquetype

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Last update 12 December 2012. Developed by Dimiter Toshkov, Moritz Knoll, and Lisa Wewerka with the support of the Institute of European Integration Research. For comments and suggestions: dtoshkov@fsw.leidenuniv.nl